En el camino de vuelta, hacemos una parada en el pueblo de Machuca, de 10 habitantes y enteramente católico, y cuyo mayor atractivo es la iglesia de principios del Siglo XIX. Su escasa población se dedica al adiestramiento de llamas, de las que por cierto existen 4 especies en Chile, la llama y la alpaca (domesticados) y la vicuña y el guanaco (silvestres), y que no dejaremos de ver en todo el tiempo que pasamos allí.
A la vuelta a San Pedro, divisamos de lejos el Salar de Atacama.
Esa misma tarde, partimos hacia el Valle de la Luna, que debe su nombre al parecido de su conformación con la superficie lunar. Es un paraje de volcanes, salares, mesetas, quebradas, dunas y cordilleras que hacen de él una verdadera maravilla de la naturaleza.
Visitamos también el Valle de la Muerte, un paraje de desolación, en el que el viento ha trabajado incansable durante millones de años, esculpiendo montículos, hondonadas de sal, arcilla y yeso, y donde la palabra vida pierde todo su significado. Las Tres Marías, que son rocas esculpidas por la erosión que se asemejan (dicen) a tres mujeres rezando, y de ahí el nombre, aunque yo en realidad veo una iguana, un caballo y quizás una de ellas sí se asemeje a una mujer rezando. Aquí os dejo una foto, para que saqueis vuestras propias conclusiones.
Este lugar inhóspito, de climatología extrema, nos regala una de las mejores puestas de sol que he presenciado nunca. El cielo se llena de una gama inimaginable de violetas, rosas, naranjas y amarillos, y es entonces cuando el calor abrasador se convierte, en cuestión de segundos, en un viento frío y seco que nos hace a todos correr a nuestros respectivos autobuses a refugiarnos.
El día siguiente, armados con litros de agua, gafas de sol, protección solar, cámara de fotos y algunas recomendaciones más, Carina y Roxy (Australianas), Daniela y Rudy (Chilenos), y yo, junto con José, nuestro guía y chófer, dejamos atrás el asfalto y nos aventuramos a cruzar el altiplano boliviano en su Jeep, en una travesía que durará casi 3 días, y en la que encontraremos de todo, altos y bajos (literalmente y figuradamente), partes duras, grandes recompensas y muy buena gente.
Recorremos en poco tiempo, los pocos kilómetros que nos separan de la frontera con Bolivia, y allí a 4.300 metros s/nm, nos tomamos el último desayuno que contendría fruta fresca hasta volver a pisar la civilización.
El clima enloquece cada vez que el sol sale o se oculta tras una nube, y pasas de un calor sofocante a un frío polar en cuestión de segundos.
El segundo día, llegamos a Pampasiloli o desierto de Siloli. Una tierra llena de volcanes, con una mezcla de arena, roca volcánica, montañas rocosas, y mucho polvo volcánico, con vientos de 70km por hora que esculpen la piedra, adoptando ésta formas caprichosas, y cuya obra maestra es el conocido Árbol de Piedra.
Tuvimos que pasar la noche en un hotel de sal, viejo, sucio, maloliente y con un baño que me recordaba a los de la India, creo que con eso está todo dicho. Pero bueno, estas cosas en países como Bolivia, forman parte del viaje, así que tomarselo con humor, parecía lo más inteligente. A la mañana siguiente, nos fuimos al salar a las 6am a ver la salida del sol, nos adentramos en el salar unos 5km, donde se ubica otro hotel de sal en el que paramos a desayunar. Efectivamente el salar estaba totalmente inundado, pero bajo el agua transparente se adivina la superficie blanca y rugosa del salar. Aún con todo inundado, se aprecia el interminable desierto blanco de sal, cuando mires a donde mires, hasta donde alcanza la vista, todo es un inmenso manto blanco, sin direccion, sin ningún punto de referencia, en el que el viento frío y el silencio conforman un ambiente único en el que te invade una tremenda sensacion de aislamiento.
On the way from Purmamarca to San Pedro de Atacama, I met Mariano, with whom I spent the rest of the day in San Pedro, a very small and centenary village, way too touristic but which has managed to keep its charm. Most of its buildings made of adobe in the narrow streets, have become travel agencies and restaurants. We enjoyed a delicious dinner in one of them, with quínoa-based dishes (a local cereal) before leaving for our respective hotels. We spent the evening walking around, I visited a couple of travel agencies in Caracoles Street, where all the commercial activity of the village takes place, to basically compare prices as tours are exactly the same in all agencies. Once the index finger points towards one of them, all we can do is cross our fingers and hope for the best.
We are now in the Antofagasta region, at the foothill of the Andes mountain range, in the middle of the Atacama desert, the driest place on earth, and at 4.400 metres above sea level. It's 6.30am and you can hardly see them, but as the sun rises, the steam they expel fill the landscape. Over 600 geiseres, unevenly distributed in a 10 sq Km surface, and splashing water at 90ºC, the highest in the world and the third largest after the ones in Iceland and Yellowstone (USA). A freezing cold make us get closer to the géiseres which act like heaters. You probably know that geiseres are formed by the contact of cold underwater with the hot stone, what I have learnt is that there are three types: water, steam and mud. The Tatio volcano, responsible of such phenomena dominates the picture.
We moved forward towards some natural pools, formed with water from the Andes and heated at 35ºC by the volcano. Due to the great amount of salts and minerals in the water,which are very healthy, they are also harmful if staying too long in them, so they do recommend not to stay longer than 30 minutes. I must admit that I didn't dare, not getting into the water, but to wear just my bikini before actually getting into it, specially since I knew that the following day I was to have the opportunity of doing it so again.
On the way back, we stopped at Machuca, a village of 10 inhabitants, entirely catholic, and which major attraction is the church built at the beginning of the 19th Century. Its scarce population lives out of domesticating llamas, of which there are four types in Chile, llama and alpaca (domestics) and vicuña and guanaco (wild), and which we won't stop seeing in all this time.
On the way back, we saw Atacama's salt flat in the distance.
That same evening we went to the Moon Valley, called like this due to its similarity with the moon's surface. It's a landscape of volcanoes, salt flats, plateaus, ravines, dunes and mountain ranges which make of it a truly awesome place.
We also visited the Death Valley, a desolation spot, in which the wind has worked tirelessly for many years, carving heaps and hollows of salt, clay and gypsum, and where the word life losses its meaning. The Tres Marías, which are rocks shaped as three women praying, although I see an iguana, a horse and maybe one of them looks like a woman praying. Here is a picture for you draw your own conclusions.
This inhospitable place, with such an extreme weather, has gifted us with one of the best sunsets I have ever witnessed. The sky is filled with an unimaginable range of purples, pinks, oranges and yellows, and it is then when, in just a few seconds, the blazing sun becomes a freezing cold that make us run to our buses seeking for shelter.
The following day, armed with litres of water, sunglasses, sunblock, cameras and a few more recommendations, Carina and Roxy from Australia, Daniela and Rudy from Chile and myself, together with José, our driver and guide, left the tarmac behind and dare to cross the Bolivian Altiplano on his jeep, in a trip that would last nearly three days, and in which we find a bit of everything, ups and downs (literally and figuratively), hard parts, great rewards and very nice people.
It didn't take us long to drive the few kilometres to the Bolivian border, and right there at 4.300 m. above sea level, we had our last breakfast with fresh fruit until setting foot on civilization again.
The first day we saw several lagoons, the white, the green and the red lagoons. They have different colours depending on the minerals that feed them, like magnesium, arsenic, sulfur or plancton like in the red one, which makes it to be full of flamingos, as well as from the intensity and position of the sun. We also have to add more geiseres, and natural pools (I told you) in which we bathed at a temperature of 35-38ºC, and, guess what! at 4.500 metres above sea level.
The spot where the géiseres are is the highest we'll get, 5.100 metres above sea level, and there, freezing cold, with the water bubbling away at some crazy temperaturas spewing out sulphur and leaving a terrible smell, we all stared marvelled at such sight. Luckily enough we all seem to bear the altitude really well, except for some headaches and blurred vision like in my case. We all followed two basic rules, walking very slowly and drinking lots of water. We met people on the way with the feared altitude sickness, which includes feeling really dizzy, vomits, etc. which unfortunatly don't let them enjoy the trip. The common symptom is the tiredeness and lack of oxigen. One has to make a big effort for everything, taking a few steps, even chewing the food in the more than simple refuge in which we spent our first night and in which none of us managed to sleep much.
As a reward, an awesome landscape, imposible colours of great contrast that either enhance or soften depending on whether the sun is out or hiding. The whole range of ochres, browns and yellows you can imagnine, as a consequence of the salts and minerals in the land.
The weather goes crazy everytime the sun comes out or hides behind a cloud, and it goes from a blazing heat to a freezing cold in just a few seconds.
The second day, we reached Pampasiloli or Siloli desert. A land full of volcanos, with a mixture of sand, volcanic rock, rocky mountains and a lot of vocanic dust, with winds blowing at a speed of 70km/hour that shape the rocks giving them funny forms, and which masterpiece is the well known Stone Tree.
That very same day, we had to change our route, as the heavy rains had flooded Uyuni's salt flat, which was the main reason why each one of us were doing the tour. That's the way nature is, but what I was mad about is that I'm sure that they sold us the tour knowing beforehand that we wouldn't be able to cross the salt flat. In fact, once we were in Uyuni, agencies kept trying to sell us the tour, as it can be done in both directions.
We had to spend the night in a salt hotel, old, dirty and smelly and with a bathroom that reminded me of India. But, this is the kind of things included in the ticket when you visit a country like Bolivia. However, taking it with sense of humour seemed the most intelligent thing to do. Early in the morning, we went to the salt flat to see the sunrise. Once we got there, we drove about 5 km to another salt hotel where we had breakfast. Indeed the salt flat was flooed, yet, you could see the white and rough surface of the salt flat. Even flooded, you can actually see the endless white terrain of Uyuni's Salt Lake. No matter where you look at, it is dazzling, an inmense white cloak, with no direction, no references, in which the combination of the cold wind and the silence give an oeverwhelming sense of isolation.
We could only drive 15 more km in the salt flat, as the big holes in it cannot be seen with the water, and this makes it terribly dangerous to either drive or walk on it. When we had just moved a few miles further, we heard the news about Chile's earthquake, of which José informed us wrongly telling us that the epicentre was in Santiado, which is where Daniela's family live, so we head back to Uyuni immediately for Daniela to call her family. Once we learned that the worst had been in the south of Chile and that Daniela and Rudy's family were ok, we considered the trip finished. Carina and Roxy took a bus to Potosi, the highest city in the world. Daniela, Rudy y myself bought train tickets to Oruro that same night. We spent the whole day in Uyuni, a forgotten village in which there is nothing to do. Roads full of water and mud, and with just one cash machine in the village, which, by the way, was out of order. Luckily enough I had some euros that I could exchange to buy the train tickets. Once in Oruro, we took a bus to La Paz, which is where I am right now.
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